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!South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA)
On most orbits, Hinode passes over the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), where high-energy particles penetrate lower into the magnetosphere. During such passes, significantly more ''cosmic rays'' are observed on the EIS detector images. These passes are calculated at the same time as other orbital events (such as Eclipse Season NGT events, when appropriate), and times vary each day. Such passes normally last approximately 10 to 20 minutes.
However, around 12 UT, Hinode experiences a so-called ''Golden Period'' where the SAA itself does not intercept the s/c orbit. Because the SAA passes vary in time, the start of this period can range (approximately) from 10 to 11 UT, with the end being anywhere from 14 to 16 UT.
The EIS team use a rule of thumb that a 5-minute window around SAA ''events'' is sufficient to account for the variability in size of the SAA.
''N.B. the old vulnerability to changing slit/slot choice during an SAA pass is no longer relevant, following an on-board software update in August 2007''